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ผลงานตีพิมพ์ในวารสารวิชาการImplications of water use and water scarcity footprint for sustainable rice cultivationผู้แต่ง: Silalertruksa, T., Gheewala, S.H.,  Dr.Rattanawan Mungkung, Associate Professor , Nilsalab, P., Lecksiwilai, N., Sawaengsak, W., วารสาร:  
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 หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Initial Results of an European Union Financed Project on Urban Vegetable Production in Southeast Asia) ผู้เขียน:W. H. Schnitzler, R. J. Holmer สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractA research project on periurban vegetable production and marketing systems funded by the INCODC program of the European Union is currently conducted in three Southeast Asian cities which represent different levels of urbanization: Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), Cagayan de Oro (Philippines) and Vientiane (Laos). The study is jointly carried out by research institutes from Germany, France, Vietnam, the Philippines and Laos, as well as by a small-sized Philippine seed company. The preliminary results are as follows: 1. Socioeconomic and anthropological surveys were conducted among 100 vegetable farmers, 100 vegetable vendors and 100 vegetable consumers in each of the three project cities to evaluate and prioritize the different factors and constraints that affect and limit the potential for vegetable production and marketing by small farming enterprises. Key results obtained in Cagayan de Oro show that the daily per capita consumption of vegetables is below 100 grams. Tomato, eggplant and head cabbage are the vegetables with the highest overall consumption in the city. The average farm size for vegetable production is 1/2 hectare. Only 12 % of the farmers received training in IPM. Basic constraints in farming are unfavorable climatic conditions and high pest pressure. Problems in marketing include the seasonality of vegetable supply, unavailability of display area in the market, and lack of capital. The respective data from Ho Chi Minh City and Vientiane are still under evaluation. 2. In cooperation with the city government of Cagayan de Oro, fruit and vegetable leftovers from the public markets are segregated by the market vendors, and thereafter collected and delivered to the research location for experiments on organic fertilizer production. Organic farm residues (plants and animal manures), agro-industry refuses (coffee sludge and coffee ground) as well as local rock phosphate are added to the city waste in different combinations to investigate the effects on compost maturity and compost quality. Most of the organic wastes are readily decomposed four weeks after the set-up. Further trials will be conducted to determine the inorganic fertilizer equivalencies of city-waste-compost and its effect on soil chemistry, physics and biology. 3. Suitable plant protection methods using beneficial organisms (Cotesia and Trichogramma), bio-pesticides (BT and Neem extracts) and aromatic plants (lemon basil) as insect repellants are currently tested in the three research locations to reduce the actual high rates of chemical pesticide applications in vegetable production. 4. Appropriate water management technologies for dry and rainy season, particularly the use of subsurface drip irrigation cum fertigation as well as high bed systems are at present investigated in Cagayande Oro and Vientiane and will be introduced to Ho Chi Minh City by October 1998. 5. A private Philippine plant breeding company contributed seeds of tomato, eggplant and bell pepper with resistance to bacterial wilt and hot set for evaluation at the different project sites. Further seed collection and breeding was done to increase the quality of the plant germplasm. Several varieties of head cabbage and cauliflower were identified which were forming head and curds under the lowland conditions of the three project cities. |