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 หัวเรื่อง:ประสิทธิภาพในการตรึงไนโตรเจนของไรโซเบียมในโสนอินเดียและโสนอาฟริกันจากดินภาคต่างๆ ของประเทศไทย ผู้เขียน: นายนันทกร บุญเกิด, อาจารย์ ,  Suwannee Promsiri สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractSesbania speciosa and Sesbania rostrata are high potential symbiotic N-fixing legumes to be used as green manuring for both field crops and rice. Due to both Sesbania species are introduced crops thus we hypoth?esised that the suitable effective strains for these two Sesbania species may not present in Thai soil the objective of this study was to determine the effective strains of rhizobia for the two Sesbania species from soils in differ?ent part of Thailand. It was found that Sesbania speciosa rhizobia were different in terms of strains, population density and effectiveness in different locations. Most soils contained very low to moderately effective strains of rhizobia. For Sesbania rostrata, variation in rhizobial strains was not great most soil contained moderately effec?tive strains. However from the study we found some high effective strains of rhizobia for both Sesbania species were isolated. Therefore, to be most benefitial from using both Sesbania as green manuring the plants should be inoculated with their effective rhizobial strains isolated from this study for every new introducing areas. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Effects of Surface Placement of Sesbania Debris Prior to Incorporation into the Soil on Growth of Rice and Soil Properties ) ผู้เขียน:Pongsiri Patcharapreecha, Duangsamorn Taja, Hiroshi Ishida, Hidenori Wada3 สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractIn a rain-fed farmer's paddy field, sesbania debris was utilized as a green manure according to the previously proposed technique, i.e. the surface placement of sesbania debris prior to incorporation into the submerged soil. The technique was confirmed to be very effective not only in avoiding the adverse effect of the applied debris which in turn enhanced growth and yield of rice but also in improving soil properties. A low input technology was suggested basing on the results of the current and the previous experiments and other available information. |
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หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Remarkable Enhancement of Growth and Yield of Rice at a Farmer’s Field by Applying Sesbania Debris According to a New Technique) ผู้เขียน:Pongsiri Patcharapreecha, Duangsamorn Taja, Hiroshi Ishida, Hidenori Wada สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractAt harvest-time, detailed examination was made on growth and yield of rice growing in a rain-fed farmer’s paddy field to clarify effects of the surface-placement of sesbania debris prior to incorporation into the submerged soil. Four plots were set up in the field. The C plot was applied with ammonium sulfate (12 kg N/rai). The S and 2S plots were applied with sesbania debris at the rate of about 12 kg and 24 kg N/rai, respectively. The Ch plot was unfertilized. As compared with the Ch plot, the green manuring increased culm length, ear number, straw weight, ear weight and yield. This was especially remarkable for 2S plot. Among yield components, ear number and/or grain number per ear greatly contributed to yield increase in the S and 2S plots. Increase in both percentage of selected brown rice and thousand-kernel-weight were contributed to increases in yield in the S and 2S plots also. On the contrary, growth and yield of rice in the C plot was not much different from those in the Ch plot. These results also showed that rice plants in the S and 2S plots were healthy and vigorous in the later growth stage. Uptake of macro-nutrients by rice plants was enhanced by the green manuring but not by application of ammonium sulfate. Implication of these results were discussed. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : A Pot Experiment to Test Effectiveness of The Surface-Placement of Sesbania Debris Prior to Incorporation into The Submerged Soil ) ผู้เขียน:Pongsiri Patcharapreecha, Duangsamorn Taja, Hidenori Wada สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe surface-placement of sesbania debris prior to incorporation into the submerged soil was previously proposed as a possible technique to avoid the adverse effect of application of sesbania debris on rice seedlings by suppressing accumulation of organic acids in the soil. Effectiveness of this technique was examined by a pot experiment in a green house. The surface-placed of sesbania debris smelt very bed for few days, probably because accumulation of butyric acid in the debris. When the bad smell disappeared and the sesbania debris became dark and soft, incorporation of the surface-placed sesbania debris ded not show the adverse effect on the rice seedlings. In other words, the time suitable for incorporating the surface-placed sesbania debris could be easily determined without using any analytical tools. |
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หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Four Species of Annual Sesbania) ผู้เขียน:ดร.พัชราภรณ์ ภู่ไพบูลย์, Toru Matoh, Eiichi Takahashi สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractHydroponic culture experiment was performed to evaluate salt tolerance potential of four species of annual Sesbania; S. rostrata, S. cannabina, S. speciosa and S. aculeata. Plant growth responded to salinity differently from species to species. About 24 to 58% reduction in growth was found at moderate salinity (30 mM). Among four species, S. rostrata showed the most favourable growth even under high salinity, followed by S. cannabina. The lower Na accumulation in the leaves than in other parts was apparently an adaptive feature in these legumes under salt stress condition. The changes in other mineral content differed from parts to parts. K and N content were adversely affected by the increasing salinity. A drastic decrease in Ca, Mg and P content could not be found. Leaf sap determination indicated that osmotic pressure in all species increased with the rising external osmotic pressure. The osmotic adjustment were mainly achieved by Na salt accumulation. The different response was found in S. aculeata which accumulated lower Na and higher K in its leaf sap. A notable role of organic constituents in osmotic adjustment was not observed. |
หัวเรื่อง:การศึกษาระยะปลูกที่เหมาะสมของโสนแอฟริกันต่อการเจริญเติบโตและผลผลิตในสภาพไร่ ผู้เขียน:Januluk Khanobdee, Mukda Suksawat สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractAppropriate spacing of Sesbania rostrate affected on growth and yield under upland conditions was studied at Lampang for the period of 2 years between 1988 and 1990. The results showed that the high seed yield lowered the fresh weight and the number of plants per area got the lower seed yield. The spacing of 25 x 50 cm and row pattern of sowing with 100 cm apart achieved the average high seed yield and highered fresh weight per rai. The growth rate of plant was twice higher by one week and was stable at 8 weeks after sowing. |
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หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Microbial Ecology in Submerged Soils as Revealed by Using TTC (Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride) (Part 2)) ผู้เขียน:Pongsiri Patcharapreecha, Duangsamorn Taja, Hidenori Wada สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractA few aspects of microbial lives associating with decomposition of rice straw and sesbania leaf in the submerged three Thai paddy soils (one sandy soil and two clayey soils) were examined rather in detail under a microscope using the TTC technique. Water-soluble substances extracted from these plant debris were confirmed to be preferred substrates for soil microorganisms. Removal of these substances somewhat affected the decomposition process of the plant debris themselves, mode of affection being different between rice straw and sesbania leaf. A succession of microorganisms including protozoa was recognized during decomposition of the plant debris. This succession was considered to proceed from r-strategists to K-strategists. Additional evidence was obtained to support the assumption that sesbania leaf contained some organic compounds toxic to microorganisms and in the initial period of decomposition this compounds were more effective in the sandy soil than in the clayey soils because these compounds were adsorbed by clay particles. Contrary to the widely accepted concept, the decomposition rates of these two plant debris were higher in the clayey soils than in the sandy soil. This may be caused not only by the effect of the toxic substances but also by the difference in microflora. Available information suggested that microbial decomposition of rice straw in the Thai soils were some what different from that in Japanese soils. |
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หัวเรื่อง:การศึกษาสมบัติทางชีวเคมีของดินร้อยเอ็ดและดินพิมายที่ได้รับวัสดุอินทรีย์ ผู้เขียน:Patcharee Saenjan สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractA laboratory experiment to determine changes in chemical and biochemical properties of Roi Et and Phimai paddy soil receiving organic debris was conducted for both under field capacity and under submerged condition. The organic debris used were fresh Sesbania rostrata, rice straw and cow dung. The soil samples were incubated under field capacity and were analyzed for cumulative content of CO2, NH4+, and NO3- in the soil of 0-2.5 and 2.5-5 cm depths. The same treatments were incubated under submerged condition and were analyzed for pH, NH4+ , Mn2+ , Fe2+ and organic acid. In both soils, incorporation of organic debris increased NH4+ concentration in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Decomposition of organic debris increased in this order: Sesbania > rice straw > cow dung > control. The amount of CO2 and NH4+ were higher in Phimai paddy soil than in Roi Et soil. NO3- was increased while NH4+ was decreased in aerobic soil indicated nitrification. After submerging the soil, pH, NH4+ , Mn2+ and Fe2+ rose. This occurred more intense in Phimai soil than in Roi Et soil, especially, when organic debris were incorporated. Successive manganous and ferrous formation indicated maganese reduction and ferric reduction in submerged soil. Only acetic acid was detected as an intermediate product of organic matter decomposition. The amount of this acid increased to the maximum of 1.0 mM/100 g soil at 10 days after submergence in Roi Et soil receiving Sesbania and of 1.5 mM/100 g soil at 7 days in Phimai soil with Sesbania treatment, and finally decresed to the lowest amount at 24 days after submergence. This suggests that rice transplanting should begin at 2 weeks after incorporation of organic debris. |