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 หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Potentiality and Management of Household Labor in the Smallholding Rubber Production System: A Case Study in a Traditional Rubber Area of Southern Thailand) ผู้เขียน: Buncha Somboonsuke, Prawat Wettayaprasit, Purawich Phitthayaphinant, Vichot Jongrungrot สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf Abstractin the smallholding rubber production system of Sadao, Rattaphum, Hat Yai, Bang Klam, Khuan Niang, and Na Mom districts in Songkhla province, Thailand. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this research. A total sample of 394 rubber households that used household labor without hire labor in all activities of the rubber production system, was used for quantitative method. Also, 60 households of the total sample, officers of the Department of Agricultural Extension and officers of the Office of the Rubber Replanting Aid Fund in Songkhla province were used as key informants for qualitative method. Both structured and unstructured interviews were used for data collection. Appropriate descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The research found that there were 4 types of household labor in the smallholding rubber production system: 1) husband and wife, 2) children, 3) relatives, and 4) elderly labor with more complicated use of household labor according to the development of rubber. Each type of household labor worked on different activities which suited their abilities and amount of work carried out by household labor in rubber production knowledge and capability of working in the smallholding rubber production system when compared with other types of household labor. Guidelines for development of household labor in the smallholding rubber production system were development and improvement of skills, knowledge, and capability of household labor in rubber production activities. In addition, the relevant agencies should have plans and policies for labor in agricultural sector. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Rubber Tapping System and Tapping Labor Management of Rubber Farmers? Households: Comparison among Rubber Ecozones in Songkhla Province) ผู้เขียน:Buncha Somboonsuke, Prawat Wettayaprasit, Chaiya Kongmanee, กนกพร ภาชีรัตน์, Benedicte Chambon สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThis study aimed to look into the classification of rubber ecozones, the tapping system, labor management, sharing the benefits of tapping wages among rubber farm owners, and related conditions. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the target population. A sample of 45 farmers in Songkhla Province out of a total 118 farmers were interviewed in depth with structured questionnaires during 2008?2009. Descriptive statistics were applied and synthesized for the analysis of data to meet the objectives of this study. The results indicated that the rubber ecozones of small-sized rubber farms could be classified into 3 categories that were (1) ecozone of plain rubber farms, (2) ecozone of plateau rubber farms or slopewave area, and (3) ecozone of highland rubber farms or mountain areas. The bio-physical features, geographic areas, and environments in the agricultural ecozones were major outside indicators that affected the styles of farm management and the success of rubber farming. Rubber farms in the ecozones of plateau or slopewave areas were more successful with lower farm management costs than those in the ecozones of plain rubber farms and highland rubber farms or mountain areas, respectively. Mostly, four tapping systems were used—1/3S 3d/4, 1/2S 2d/3, 1/2S 3d/4, and 1/2S d/2. Tapping labor was supplied by family members and other employed tapping labor. Most employed tapping labor used high frequency tapping system and selected sharing benefits of 50:50. The study suggested that the government sector and related working units should have measures for controlling and enhancing the deployment of appropriate technology in the rubber ecozones. There should be larger supplies of tapping labor by importing labor from other provinces and foreign countries. The imported labor should be trained to become qualified tappers. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Interaction between Agro-tourism and Local Agricultural Resource Management: A Case Study of Changklang Agro-tourism, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province) ผู้เขียน:Teppakorn Na Songkhla, Buncha Somboonsuke สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThis research involved the study of various forms and characteristics of agro-tourism activity in current agricultural resource management and interaction analysis between agro-tourism and agricultural resource management at agro-tourism sites in Changklang district. Seven farms, two private enterprises, and two farmer groups were involved in the study. The results from questionnaires and key informant interview methods showed that the agricultural activities in Changklang district used as agro-tourism activities were bee farming, mushroom cultivation, and organic farming in the form of agricultural demonstration/instruction, agricultural product distribution, or agribusiness guidance. These forms of agro-tourism activity have impacted on local agriculture in terms of the conservation of agricultural resources and the expansion of bee farming, mushroom cultivation and organic farming, as well as the value-added exploitation of local agricultural resources by tourism. The results of this activity have become outstanding characteristics of agriculture in Changklang district that have supported the expansion of agro-tourism. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Purchasing Decision Probability on Health Products Made from Cold-Pressed Palm Oil in Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province) ผู้เขียน:Purawich Phitthayaphinant, Buncha Somboonsuke สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractMarketing opportunities are now on the increase for health product business to promote products to preventive health conscious consumers. This quantitative research studied the socio-economic characteristics of health product consumers, investigating the significance level of the marketing mix and factors influencing purchasing decisions on health products made from cold-pressed palm oil and analyzing purchasing decision probability on health products made from cold-pressed palm oil in Hat Yai district, Songkhla province, Thailand. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires from a total sample of 388 consumers, using the accidental sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were applied for data analysis. The results revealed that the majority of health product consumers were female with an average age of 31.27 years and had a bachelor degree. The marketing mix in terms of product, price, place, and promotion was a very important influence on the decision to purchase health products made from cold-pressed palm oil. The statistically significant variables determining the purchasing decision on health products made from cold-pressed palm oil were sex, age, marital status, government official, level of importance given to price, place, and promotion, with respective purchasing decision probabilities of 0.12, 0.006, 0.12, 0.61, 0.11, 0.12 and -0.19, respectively. The results are useful for entrepreneurs to formulate appropriate marketing strategies for health products made from cold-pressed palm oil. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : The Officers’ Career Performance Assessment at the Office of Rubber Replanting Aid Funds in Southern Region.) ผู้เขียน: นางเกศินี ปายะนันทน์, ศาสตราจารย์ , Buncha Somboonsuke สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf Abstract The objective of this research was to assess the officer’s knowledge, understanding and responsibity of the officers in problems and recommendations concerning officer’s performance of the office of Rubber Replanting Aid Funds (ORRAF). An attitude survey of the target population of 126 officers of the ORRAF in Changwat Phatthalung and Changwat Songkhla was carried out. The survey resultd revealed that the socio-economic background of the officers of the ORRAF in the southern region were as follows : 41.3% bachelor degree holding, 86.5% marriage, an average ages, working experience and annual income per year of 36 years, 12 years and 164,667.62 baht, respectively. The objective assessment of the opinions of the officer, the support from the local leaders was at a moderate while the support gaining from farmers was at a high level. The officers were good at fulfilling working requirement and regulation of the ORRAF offices. They were moderately satisfied with information exposure and well understanding in their duty and responsibility. The main problem faced by the officers was a long distance community between farmers’ home state and their rubber plantation site. Factors influencing the success in work performce of the officers consist of the support of local leaders and farmers, information exposure and opportunity to demonstate their working ability. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : An Econometric Model of Oil Palm Plantation Area in Thailand) ผู้เขียน:Purawich Phitthayaphinant, Buncha Somboonsuke สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThai oil palm plantation areas have increased continuously in order to meet increasing derived demands for food and nonfood applications. This quantitative research aimed at studying the existing situation of oil palm plantation, and analyzing determinants of oil palm plantation area in Thailand. Quantitative data used were annual time-series data during 1989 to 2010. The derived data were analyzed using appropriate descriptive statistics, and enter and backward multiple regression analyses. The results showed that Thai oil palm plantation and harvested areas have increased for more than 3 decades. They have been significantly increasing in southern Thailand. Statistically significant determinants of Thai oil palm plantation areas at the .05 level were the domestic demand for crude palm oil, the farm price of fresh bunches of oil palm fruit, the price of diesel oil and the farm price of unsmoked rubber sheet 3. These determinants could be used to create conservation and sustainable management guidelines for the expansion policy on future oil palm plantation area. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Para Rubber Production and Marketing in North Region of Thailand: Case Study in Chiang Mai,Chiang Rai and Phayoa Province) ผู้เขียน:กนกพร ภาชีรัตน์, Buncha Somboonsuke, Chaiya Kongmanee สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe study was conducted with objective of exploring the dynamics of rubber production development, decision making, effects of career change, and marketing pattern in the provinces of Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai and Phayoa. Information was collected through in-depth interviews and a structured questionnaire for a sample group of 28 rubber planters. The results noted that the dynamics of rubber development can be divided into three phases: initiation of rubber planting, promotion of rubber planting and the development of rubber products marketing. The rubber planting career enhances the land use efficiency, minimize the labor movement and the livelihood. The production and management of rubber plantation in the highland areas and rolling areas of the hills or mountainous areas were found in this study. An average of 15 rai was occupied by each family and production of 236 Kg. per rai annually. There were limitations in the cultivation areas, low rainfall, lack of investment and rubber planting expertise, and without consistent availability of market. While the merits were the enthusiasm of planters, accessibility to information, probability of extension of cultivation areas, and supports from government agencies. The marketing channels are the sell of product to local merchants with destruction in eastern provinces with marginal profit for rubber sheets of 11.22 baht per kilogram. |
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หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Micro Halal Community Enterprise Database System: Case Study in Pattani and Songkhla Provinces) ผู้เขียน:Buncha Somboonsuke, Wiphada Wettayaprasit, Prawat Wettayaprasit สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractGovernment has given priority to the Halal industry in the five southern border provinces through Thai Ministry approval in 2009. The Halal industry has produced several products through groups of Small and Micro Community Enterprises (SMCEs). However, this particular business model still lacks a mechanism to support some significant data in the areas of producing and marketing, among others that will partly enhance such businesses. The database system is a major factor in enhancing and strengthening the economic structure so that people will be able to access production, data storage, and knowledge distribution for the creation of a knowledge-based, economic society. This study aimed to determine user needs and the primary data of a Halal standard for SMCEs and to design and create a database system for the Pattani and Songkhla Halal SMCEs through a webpage. The results revealed that there was a need for a database system for Halal SMCEs that was related to the production process (30%) with the product market and marketing options at lower percentages. Furthermore, the results indicated that the database system needed to give more importance to the information related to the production process, product markets, and the marketing options of Halal SMCEs in Pattani and Songkhla provinces. The database system was composed of general data of the SMCEs, production process, production markets, market opportunities, and other useful and needed data. The program designed was composed of 16 data files—general data, SMCE product data, product group data, product type data, subunit product type data, product data, production process data, production market data, market opportunity data, provincial data, district data, sub-district data, SMCE group, SMCE type, SMCE detail, and SMCE name. Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, and My SQL were used for the database system design. SMCE groups, producers, consumers, businessmen, researchers, and academic personnel can easily gain benefits from this system through accessing the webpage at www.smce-halal.com. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Potential, Capacity and Development of Hired Labor in Smallholding Rubber Production System: Lesson Learned from Traditional Rubber Area, Songkhla Province) ผู้เขียน:Buncha Somboonsuke, Wanchai Dhammasaccakarn, Parinya Cherdchom, อรอนงค์ ลองพิชัย, Purawich Phitthayaphinant สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThis study investigated the dynamics, conditions of using hired labor, working characteristics, wages of hired labor, and guidelines for increasing the working efficiency of the hired labor of rubber farmer households in Songkhla province. A total sample of 395 rubber smallholding households that used hired labor was used for data collection through structured interviews. Also, 60 households of the total sample were used for in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The results classified the dynamics of hired labor into 5 periods; (1) before 1960: traditional rubber production, (2) 1961-1980: green revolution, (3) 1981-1992: alternative agriculture, (4) 1993-2002: initial industrial rubber production, and (5) 2003 to present: industrial rubber production. There was an increase in hired labor in rubber production with more complications in the hired labor process. There were 5 types of hired labor according to the sources of labor: relatives as hired labor, villagers as hired labor, different district or province hired labor in the south, different farmer households had a tendency to hire more tapping labor. This would affect the benefits of sharing between owners and hired laborers that could be divided into 3 patterns of: contract agreement, daily wage paid, and wage paid by activity. In the contract agreement, benefit ratios between owners and hired laborers were 60:40, 55:45, 50:50, and 70:30. Choosing a benefit ratio would depend on: (1) the skill and experience of the hired labor in working in rubber plantations, (2) the number of household laborers, (3) local wage rates and contract agreement characteristics, (4) farm size holding and labor capacity, (5) the impact of socio-economics, environment, policy, and politics, and (6) the frequency of tapping to increase family income when there was a high rubber price. The guidelines for the development of hired labor in the rubber production system were: (1) strengthening the socio-economic status of hired labor, (2) promoting relationships between owners and hired labor, (3) improving the bio-physical characteristics of the rubber plantation area, (4) promoting fair conditions and a contract agreement of benefits, (5) improving labor quality, and (6) increasing the skill of tapping and working hired labor through knowledge transfer and training processes. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Diversification of Smallholding Rubber Agroforestry System (SRAS) Thailand) ผู้เขียน:Buncha Somboonsuke, Prawat Wetayaprasit, Parinya Chernchom, กนกพร ภาชีรัตน์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe rubber agroforestry system is an alternative agriculture practice for rubber smallholders to enhance the ecological integrity and crop diversity. The data collection for the study of diversification of smallholding rubber agroforestry system (SRAS) included 300 rubber farms of 21 systems in the south, east, and northeast of Thailand. The project results revealed that there are a multitude of 21 rubber farming systems in Thailand. These systems can be classified into three main types: (1) the intercropping rubber-food crop system, growing short-lived plants, for example, pineapple, chili, banana, rice, sweet potato, long bean and corn, for a rubber period, no longer than 36 months; (2) the rubber-fruit crop system, growing multicrop within the rubber area during the rubber productive period. The most common fruit crops that have been grown in Thailand are guava, gnetum, long kong, salacca, mangosteen, durian, and levistona, etc., and (3) the rubber-timber species system, normally yielding higher income to rubber smallholders since the sales of both rubber and wood products are at the same time and this is coupled with the presently high value of wood. The important timber varieties in the rubber area are neem and teak. As for profitability of Smallholding Rubber Agro forestry System (SRAS), it was noted that pineapple, chili, salacca, and gnetum are highly profitable. However, in the rubber-pineapple system which yields the highest income, the cost of investment is the highest too, when compared to the rubber-gnetum system which requires minimal input and low cost of production and management. The main conditions for decision-making in the rubber intercropping system are as follows: (1) farm household labor requirement, (2) knowledge and experience, (3) extension and policy implication, (4) marketing opportunity, (5) consistent capability of local communities, and (6) land topography and sustainability. For SRAS development strategy in the southern Thailand, improvement should be made on pricing and marketing of agroforestry products, appropriate technology for higher productivity, greater farm efficiency and risk reduction at farm level, and more synchronized co-ordination among stakeholder agencies at the regional level. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Technology Utilization for Farm Management of Rubber Smallholding Among Rubber Ecological Zones) ผู้เขียน:Kanokporn Pakeechai, Buncha Somboonsuke, อรอนงค์ ลองพิชัย สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe study compared rubber technology utilization, suitable technology, and the feasibility of investment in a rubber farming system among high, rolling, and plain areas of rubber ecological zones. A sample of 158 smallholding rubber farms was selected by purposive sampling. Structured questionnaires and an in-depth interview were used for data collection in the study area. The results revealed that farmers in all three rubber ecological zones did not follow some of the technical recommendations of the Rubber Research Institute of Thailand regarding the rubber clone, tapping system, and fertilizer application. This has resulted in all zones having lower rubber productivity compared to the standard yield. Financial analysis showed that farms in rolling areas had the highest average latex yield with 265.68 kg/rai/yr. The net profit was highest for farms in this ecological zone as well, at around 5,415.52 baht/rai/yr. Moreover, the results of the financial investment analysis of the rubber smallholdings showed that the net present value, benefit cost ratio, and internal rate of return were highest for this ecological zone with around 29,970.13 baht/rai/yr. 1.46 times, and 9 percent, respectively. Recommendations were made regarding the application of rubber production technology. For example, in high areas, rubber smallholders should prepare terraces and grow a cover crop to prevent soil erosion, while in rolling areas, rubber smallholders should use a disease-resistant rubber clone and the double cut alternative tapping system (DCA). For plainareas, rubber smallholders should prepare land by adopting raised bedding. |
หัวเรื่อง:สภาพเศรษฐกิจ สังคม และการทำประมงปูม้า ของชาวประมงขนาดเล็กในจังหวัดตรัง ผู้เขียน:Thongchai Nitiratsuwan, Buncha Somboonsuke, Sommai Chiayvareesajja สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe results from this study showed that there were 752 Blue Swimming Crab (BSC) fishers in Trang
province. Five fishing gears are mainly employed, i.e., crab gill net (CGN), red crab trap (RCT), collapsible
crab trap (CCT), traditional crab trap (TCT), and crab dip-net (CDN). Households of fishermen particularly
crab gill net fishers are located near the islands while the other fishers lived near the coastal areas. Average
age of fishers was 40 years old and primary school was the education level for the majority of them. The
fishers were local domicile, their household revenues and household expenses per month were 5,846 and
5,148 baht, respectively.
The number of fishing days per month of CGN was lowest. Highest catch and fishing cost were
generated by CCT. There was no significant difference in the catch generated by CGN, RCT, and TCT.
However, CGN generated fishing cost higher than RCT and TCT in a case of loss of fishing gear because
the cost per unit of CGN is higher than those gears. The main problems of BSC fishery were monsoon,
loss of fishing gear, low revenue, and low fish price.
The recommendations for BSC fishery development were: 1) the policies making should consider
the 2 main factors that influenced the fishermen using the different types of gear. These factors were fishing
ground and living area of fishermen. 2) Creating coordination network among local fishers. 3) The simple
management programs, and 4) the management programs should be harmonized with their economic condition. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Recent Evolution of Rubber-Based Farming Systems
in Southern Thailand) ผู้เขียน:Buncha Somboonsuke สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractFollowing the economic crisis of 1997 in Thailand, rubber-based smallhold farms were forced to take
various steps to remain economically viable. These steps were taken with the objective of increasing the farm's
productivity and farm income, and as a result six types of rubber-based farming systems evolved, which are
now found throughout the rubber growing areas of Thailand. These changes involved many aspects of the
bio-physical and socio-economic attributes of the farms, and the farmers who wished to adapt also faced a
number of constraints which affected the ability of smallholders to adopt the new technology. Adaptations
included consolidation of farms by enlarging the size, improving the equipment and machinery used,
strengthening local farmer's groups, using high-yield varieties, changing to modern methods of disease and
pest control, and adapting the rubber products to meet current market demand. These changes are studied in
relation to the smallholders' decision making process leading to farm transformations. Rubber-fruit and rubberintegrated
farms excelled in economic performance due to greater farm income than other farm types. However,
smallholders face many constraints in trying to maintain a profitable farming operation, including fluctuating
prices, low capital for investment, disease and pests, insufficient water and poor water management systems.
To encourage and help farmers change, farm modernization implementation strategies are suggested, including
providing improved credit systems, modern tapping methods, provision of soil and leaf analysis, provision
of infrastructure and financial incentives, provision of information on high-yield varieties, and new water
resources infrastructure development. To help increase farm income directly, it is suggested to implement
government programs which focus on the needs of smallholders, encourage agents of technology transfer to
be more supportive of smallholders, improve rubber-processing technology, encourage the establishment of
value-added businesses in local communities and optimize land use. |
หัวเรื่อง:การวิเคราะห์ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างปัจจัยทางเศรษฐกิจ สังคม กับความเคลื่อนไหวของราคาปาล์มน้ำมันในจังหวัด กระบี่ พังงา ตรัง ชุมพ และสตูล ผู้เขียน:Parinya Cherdchom, Titirat Maireng, Buncha Somboonsuke สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe objectives of this research were to study oil palm price situation and socio-economic factors
correlating to determine and stabilized oil palm price. Data were collected by means secondary data for analysis
seasonal price index, and interview from 103 samples;' 70 oil palm farmers, 20 oil palm local's dealer, and
oil palm entrepreneur
The results revealed that oil palm price was moved based on season by with increasing from November
(seasonal price index 88.06) to maximized in January (seasonal price index 103.6), and decreasing below
average price in April (seasonal price index 91.79). Consequently, price was decreased in maximized in
October (seasonal price index 84.71). For correlation analysis, it was founded that ability to bargaining price
of oil palm farmer was positive relate to farmgate price determination (r=0.78 at significant level 0.01), level
of competition among local merchandises was positive relate to price determination (r=0.39 at significant
level 0.01), while crop oil substitution policy and international oil palm price were positive relate to price
determination for entrepreneur (r=0.58, and 0.30 at significant level 0.01). In addition, it was founded that
ability to bargaining price, information exposure, bio-diesel policy, oil palm free trade policy, efficient
government structure were relating to price stabilization of oil palm farmer at significant level 0.01. For oil
palm dealer, occupation experience and export policy were positive relating to price stabilization, while illegal
oil palm import, soil bran oil import were negative relating to price stabilization. For oil palm entrepreneur,
quantity of demand, and information exposure were significant factors relating to price stabilization. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : The Sustainable Livelihood of Rubber Small Holder: A
Case Study of Rubber- Fruit Tree Farming System in
Kao Phra Community, The Southern Thailand) ผู้เขียน:Buncha Somboonsuke, Paratta Prommee, Parinya Cherdchom, Jaruiy Petcharat สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractFor maintaining sustainable livelihood of small holding rubber-fruit tree farming system, they should
try to decrease their vulnerability and limitations set by concerned organizations. The policy should promote
creation of farm asset, determine access and rate of asset accumulations, and also, the policy should enable
small holders to develop appropriate farm plans and their appropriate implementation strategy in order to
achieve farm sustainability. The suggested plan and implementation for supporting these systems include,
improvement in the price and marketing system, improvement of the appropriate technology for production
and improvement in the agricultural energy for efficiency at the national level. In the regional level, also,
the objectives should include the improving coordination mechanism during the implementation of the plan
through the maintenance of efficiency with among the organization. In farm level, the objectives aim to
increase farm efficiency and productivity for sustainable farm income by empowering small holders and
decreasing risks in managing farm. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Farming Systems Improvement of Rice-based Farms
in Huay Khan Lean Sub-district,
Ang Thong Province, Thailand) ผู้เขียน:Yuki MORITA, นางเกศินี ปายะนันทน์, ศาสตราจารย์, Buncha Somboonsuke, ดร.ประเดิม ฉ่ำใจ, รองศาสตราจารย์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe objectives of this research were to study the socio-economic characteristics of rice-based farm
households, to study current main agricultural production systems of rice-based farming systems, and to
identify selected bio-physical factors and socio-economic factors related to farm household income. The data
was collected by using interview schedules from 116 representatives of farm households in Huay Khan Lean
Sub-district, who had practiced rice farming integrating with other types of farming. The farm households
were selected by purposive sampling methods. Data analyses were done by using various statistical measures.
The findings revealed that there were 2 main types of rice-based farming systems in the study site.
The major type of rice-based farming systems was rice-livestock farming systems (50.0%). The types of
livestock raised were chicken (37.9%), swine (29.3%), frog (24.1%), duck (5.2%), beef cattle (1.7%) and
chicken and swine (1.7%). The second major type was rice-fruit (mango) farming systems (24.1%). In
agricultural production systems, rice farming was similarly practiced in rice-livestock and rice-fruit farming
systems. On the average, farm households held 25.3 rai (rice-livestock) and 31.5 rai (rice-fruit) land, and
had 2.5 persons in farm labor. Irrigation were well facilitated, however, most of them cultivated both highyield
varieties and local varieties. Rice was directly seeded on rice fields with chemical applications. Harvested
rice was sold to local markets, provincial markets and agricultural cooperatives at the farm gate price of
3.15-3.96 baht/kg. The amount of production was 14,175 kg/year (rice-livestock) and 17,942 kg/year (ricefruit).
In livestock raising, all types of livestock are local breeds. Drug and vaccine were treated by most
farm households. Livestock were mainly sold to local merchants. In fruit farming, mango planting areas
accounted for 3.6 rai. Chemicals were also used. Mango was mainly sold to local merchants and local markets
at the farm gate price of 24.2 baht/kg. The amount of production was 860 kg/year. Rice-livestock farm
households gained a net income of 272,698 baht/year while rice-fruit farm households gained a net income
of 70,875 baht/year.
Hypothesis testing indicated that in the bio-physical factors, there was a significant relationship
between rice varieties and farm household income. In addition, in the socio-economic factors, there were
a significant relationship between age, occupational experience, farmer organizations' membership and
financial sources, and farm household income.
Based on the study, following recommendations are suggested: Firstly, implementation guidelines of
agricultural diversification program and sustainable agriculture should be developed in the provincial level
with regular monitoring and evaluating the activities. Secondly, effort should be made to make farmer
organizations attractive to be able to encourage membership among farm households by participatory
management approach. Thirdly, farm households need to be informed through workshops, discussions and
demonstrations on available resources to be sustainable. Fourthly, a network of the different organizations
including farmers' organization, the district agricultural office and the agricultural technology transfer center
should be developed to improve farming process. Lastly, farmers' capacity building should be done by using
model farms and giving awards to outstanding producers in terms of maximum utilization of resources through
integrated farming systems. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Economic Performances of Small Holding Rubber-based
Farms in Southern Region Thailand: Case Study
in Khao Phra, Phijit, and Khlong Phea Communities
Songkhla Province) ผู้เขียน:Parinya Cherdchom, Paratta Prommee, Buncha Somboonsuke สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractRubber small holding farms, presently, were forced to adapt to maintain economic viability under
the economic crisis in South East Asia. The results were founded that four systems of rubber based farms,
namely, rubber-intercrop farming system, rubber-fruit tree farming system, rubber-livestock farming system
and rubber-integrated framing system show better economic performances with greater gross margin, higher
net farm income, and better justification as evidenced by investment appraisal than other farm types, especially
in cases of the sub-systems including rubber-pineapple farming system (R21) Rubber--durian-mangosteen
farming system (R43), rubber--durian-mangosteen-rambutan farming system (R44), rubber-chicken farming
system (R53), and Rubber--durian-fishery farming system (R61). These system are, therefore, appropriate for
promoting extension service in the rubber growing area in Thailand. |