https://research.ku.ac.th/kurdi-api/api/v1/
URL: https://research.ku.ac.th/kurdi-api/api/v1/projects/20196110546000
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"projectDetail": {
"forestUrl": "https://research.ku.ac.th/forest/Project.aspx?ProjectNumber=6110546000&BudgetYear=2019",
"projectID": "20196110546000",
"projectName": "นิเวศวิทยาเชิงพื้นที่ของอัตรกริยาเชิงระหว่างเถาวัลย์และต้นไม้ในอุทยานแห่งชาติเขาใหญ่",
"projectNameEn": "-",
"source": {
"name": "เงินงบประมาณมหาวิทยาลัย",
"type": "Internal"
},
"budget": 250000,
"organization": {
"orgID": "013606",
"name": "ภาควิชาเทคโนโลยีและการจัดการสิ่งแวดล้อม คณะสิ่งแวดล้อม"
},
"type": "โครงการเดี่ยว",
"budgetYear": "2019",
"startYear": "2018",
"endYear": "2021",
"head": "ดร.วิรงค์ จันทร, รองศาสตราจารย์",
"team": [
{
"sequence": 1,
"researcherID": "510139",
"prefix": "ดร.",
"researcherName": "วิรงค์ จันทร",
"academicPosition": "รองศาสตราจารย์",
"position": "หัวหน้าชุดโครงการ",
"type": "Internal Researcher",
"workRatio": 100
}
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"category": "โครงการวิจัยที่ได้รับงบเงินรายได้ ส่วนกลาง มก.",
"background": "Tropical forests play an important role as one of the major carbon sink in the global carbon cycle, and have the potential to mitigate negative consequences of climate change such as rising of atmospheric CO2 (Pan et al. 2011). Thus, changes in the structure and functions of these forests could therefore globally impact on the carbon cycle and achievement of climate change mitigation. Nevertheless, these studies are concentrated only on trees dynamics, whereas liana—which is also a major compoment of woody plant community (20-30% of species richness)—is relativley less examined. Within the last two decades, numerous studies have reported that the increase of liana abundance in many tropical forests worldwide, and rising of CO2 is likely to be a driver of this phenomenon (Schnitzer & Bongers 2011). Interaction particularly competition between trees and lianas affects above and belowground resources, which substantially has negative consequences for tree demography and carbon sequestration of tropical forests (Schnitzer & Carson 2010; Paul & Yavitt 2011). These studied highlight the future importance of lianas in forest dynamics and capacity of carbon sequestration, because liana infestation can be up to 20% and increases the mortality of host trees about 22% when compare to liana-free trees (Ingwell et al. 2010). However, this trend may be a regional effect, which occur only in the Neotropical and African forest (Schnitzer & Bongers 2011). Currently, a study in Southeast Asia demonstrated a contradict trend to those studies from Neotropical forests—likelihood of decrease of liana infestation (Wright et al. 2015). Overall, there has still been relatively less study from tropical forests of Southeast Asia, and most of them are from the Yunan region (the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden). Thus, more studies from Asian forests are required for testing the consistency of the finding from Neotropical forests. In addition to basic science, the lack of liana ecological study can lead to an inappropriate policy such as cutting liana for tree survival and maximize carbon sequestration as suggested by Thai government officers five years ago. \r\nIn tropical forests, approximately two third of tree species are dispersed by animal (Osuri et al. 2016). Khao Yai National Park, for example, 70-75% of tree species and biomass are animal-dispersed. Animals assist to increase the probability of species escaping from negative density dependent processes such as conspecific competition and the Janzen-Connell effect, which commonly occur in areas surrounding conspecific adult trees (Janzen 1970; Connell 1971). Not only tree, animals are also a major seed dispersers of Lianas, in which about one-half of liana species are dispersed by animals (Arroyo-Rodr?guez et al. 2015; Michel et al. 2015). To date, a role of animal seed dispersers has remained unclear either for liana population (e.g. negative density dependence) or liana tree-interactions (e.g. extent of contagious or co- seed dispersal). Defaunation of large-bodied animals is a critical global problem, affecting species across all trophic levels and ecosystem functioning (Dirzo et al. 2014). Understanding seed dispersal perspective of liana is crucial for conservation in the era of defaunation. Defaunation of animal may help lianas to increase abundance because of greater proportion of wind-dispersed species, resulting indirectly on carbon sequestration of another defaunation (Wright et al. 2007). \r\nApproaches for studying ecology of lianas and trees and well as their interactions are normally labor-expensive and difficult to monitor in a long-term spatio-temporal scales. Spatial patterns contain information of plant interactions varied in spatial scales, thus many tools have been developed to extract this information (Wiegand & Moloney 2004). Spatial patterns may conserve an imprint of past processes, which information about the underlying processes may be extracted. Hence, this information may assist to fill the gap, expanding to examine a larger number of species. To our knowledge, there has been only a single study applying detailed spatial analysis for liana-tree interactions (Schnitzer et al. 2012). Recent techniques of spatial point pattern analysis (Wiegand & Moloney 2014) can be used in concert with data of large fully mapped plots of tropical forests (where the location of every tree with a size larger than 1cm at breast height (dbh) has been mapped) to find out if local species richness around a given focal species is indeed larger than expected by the null expectations of random locations within the plot. For example, Wiegand et al. (2007) developed a summary statistic that merged the species area relationship (SAR; (Preston 1962) with spatial point pattern statistics derived from Ripley’s K-function, the “individual species-area relationship” ISARf(r). The ISAR function yields the mean number of further species found within distance r around the individuals of a given focal species f (Wiegand et al. 2007). The ISAR therefore characterizes the biotic neighborhood of a focal species by means of its average species richness and should be able to detect subtle scale-dependent patterns in the placement of individual species within a community with respect to local species richness (Wiegand et al. 2007; Rayburn & Wiegand 2012; Tsai et al. 2015). An important element of the ISAR methodology is comparison of the average biotic neighborhood of the focal species [i.e., the observed ISARf(r)] with that of random locations generated by an appropriate null model. First, we can ask: how are individual species located within the “landscape” of local species richness? In this case the “homogeneous” null model distributes the individuals of the focal species to random locations within the plot. The expectation of the ISAR function under this null model yields the point-pattern formulation of the common species area relationship SAR (Shimatani and Kubota 2004). We can therefore assess if the species richness within distance r of the individuals of the focal species is higher or lower than expected by the SAR, or if it agrees with the expectation of the SAR. Second, we can also ask: do individual species show specific net positive or negative interactions with other heterospecifics surrounding them? In this case the “heterogeneous” null model displaces the individuals of the focal species only to similar environments to reveal potential signals of species interactions in the smaller-scale placement of species (Wiegand et al. 2007; Kraft et al. 2008). Based on this test we may classify focal species as “accumulator” species if the observed ISAR is larger than expected, as “repeller” species if the observed ISAR is smaller than expected, and to have no detectable effects if the observed ISAR agrees with that of the null model (Wiegand et al. 2007). The differences between these two null models are subtle but allow for a better discrimination of the potentially underlying mechanisms. \r\n In this study, we aim to investigate spatial ecology of liana-trees interaction applying the ISAR methodology. The goal is to explore how liana interact with trees as well as liana ineract with lianas across spatial scales. The study will be conducted in the Mo Singto plot in Khao Yai NP, which is a part of CTFS Forest GEO network (www.ctfs.si.edu). The plot has not yet been reported a problem of defaunation or population decline especially large-bodied frugivores, as encountered in many forests of Southeast Asia (Harrison et al. 2016). Nor has it been subject to logging or forest fires. Furthermore, there have been detail studies of large frugivores, such as gibbons, hornbills and macaques, appearing of all groups of large-bodied arboreal animals in this area. From the point of liana ecology, the Mo Singto plot is only one of two plots in the world and only in Asia, which carrying out the liana census in a larger scale (?25 ha). \r\nIn Thailand, the current government has announced a major policy focusing on 10 industrial clusters expecting to stimulate Thai economy and ultimately emerge from the middle-income trap. One of them is agriculture and biotechnology sector. Applying biotechnology with traditional Thai herbal is one of a big aim of this sector of Thai government and society http://www.thansettakij.com/content/95891). The market is growing up every year especially for exportation (global market is expected to reach 115 $ billion in 2020; http://www.thansettakij.com/content/84270). As some of this herb are forest products, there has been no report for sustainable production and harvesting. Overharvesting is a serious threat to biodiversity in Southeast Asia including Thailand (Hughes 2017). About of one-third of endangered plants are lianas (https//www.thaihof.org/main/article/detail/1847). Hence, understanding ecology of liana in natural habitat may help for suggesting sustainable use of this forest product. \r\n",
"objective": "\r\n1.\tTo explore how individual species of liana/trees locate within the “landscape” of local species richness of liana. \r\n2.\tTo ask the question “how do individual species show specific net positive or negative interactions with other heterospecifics surrounding them?”\r\n3.\tTo test association of seed dispersal and tree liana interaction particularly contagious seed dispersal.\r\n",
"referenceUrl": "",
"status": "Active"
}
}
]
}