 หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Genetic Diversity of Featherback Fish in Thailand) ผู้เขียน: Panom K. Sodsuk, Srirat Sodsuk สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractFour featherback fish of the Family Notopteridae in Thailand, Notopterus notopterus, Chitala ornata, Chitala blanci and Chitala lopis, were studied using allozyme electrophoresis to obtain their genetic diversity informations. With a total of 38 enzyme loci screened, 28 variable loci were found of being allelically different between the four species. Of the 28 variable loci, 11 loci (ADA*, ADH*, FH-2*, G3PDH-1*, G3PDH-2*, IDHP*, IDDH*, LDH-2*, LDH-3*, MPI* and SOD-2*) were found to be polymorphic in N. notopterus, two loci (IDHP* and SOD-2*) in C. ornata and also two loci (IDHP* and MPI*) in C. blanci, while no polymorphic loci were found in C. lopis. The estimated genetic variabilities (P0.99 , He) ranged from P0.99 = 0 and He = 0 in C. lopis to P0.99 = 0.289 and He = 0.049?0.017 in N. notopterus. The observed genotypes in any species were not significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (?2 p>0.05), suggesting no significant differences between the samples within a species, while the FST values (above 0.25) and the heterogeneity contingency chi-square analyses (p<0.001) suggested rather large genetic divergence between these species. Genetic structure and relationships of the four species were phylogenetically presented as two separate clades, the N. notopterus clade and the clade of three Chitala species, revealing that the three Chitala species were genetically related more closely to each other than to N. notopterus and consequently supporting the present nomenclature of the fish being used. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Enzymatic Production of Fructo-Oligosaccharides from Sucrose) ผู้เขียน: ดร.สาโรจน์ ศิริศันสนียกุล, ศาสตราจารย์ , Sittiwat Lertsiri, Preecha Tonsagunrathanachai, Pairojana Luangpituksa สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractTo increase an efficiency of fructo-oligosaccharide production from sucrose, a mixed-enzyme system of ?-fructofuranosidase (Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611) and glucose oxidase (Sigma Chemical Co., Ltd.) was carried out in a 2-l stirred tank reactor with the following controlled conditions; temperature 40?C, pH 5.5, aeration rate 1 vvm and agitation rate 550 rpm, for 32 hours of incubation time. With an initial sucrose concentration of 400 g/l, the optimal condition was obtained by using ?-fructofuranosidase and glucose oxidase 10 and 15 units per gram sucrose, respectively. As a result, the yields of kestose (YGF2/S) and nystose (YGF3/S) from sucrose and their volumetric productivities (QGF2/S and QGF3/S) were 0.44, 0.49 g/g, and 4.97, 5.44 g/l h, respectively. |
หัวเรื่อง:ผลของขนาดและชนิดของท่อนพันธุ์ที่มีต่อการเจริญเติบโต และผลผลิตของขมิ้นชัน ผู้เขียน:นายอำนวย โยธาศิริ, ผู้ช่วยศาสตราจารย์ , Teera Somwong, Sumed Tubngon, นายธีรวัฒน์ กษิรวัฒน์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractEffects of types and sizes of seed rhizomes on growth and yield of turmeric were studied at Kaohinson Research station, Panomsarakam district, Chachoengsao province between May 1994 and January 1995. The results showed that the seed rhizomes giving the highest yield per unit area of turmeric were the whole mother rhizomes ( 3,540 kg/rai) followed by the primary rhizomes with 5-6 internodes ( 2,841 kg/rai) and the half cut mother rhizomes ( 2,840 kg/rai), respectively. The whole mother rhizomes produced the most rapid growth and development of the underground stems. While the primary, secondary and tertiary rhizomes with 3-4 internodes did not show any distinctive difference in growth and yield |
หัวเรื่อง:ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างผลผลิตและองค์ประกอบผลผลิตของอ้อย ผู้เขียน:พร้อมพรรณ เสรีวิชยสวัสดิ์, Supiga Sirasoontorn, ดร.ประเสริฐ ฉัตรวชิระวงษ์, รองศาสตราจารย์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractCane yield and its component relationship can provide criterion to select for high yielding genotypes in sugarcane improvement program. Cane yield is affected by variation in environment and genotype x environment interaction. Thus the plant breeder needs to study relationship between agronomic traits and its direct effect on cane yield to use for selection of superior genotypes in the breeding program. The data used in this study were taken from 34 yield trial experiment conducted from 1984 to 1991 by office of the Cane and Sugar Board, Ministry of Industry, and the Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. The experiments covered three crops of cane, namely plant cane, first and second ratoon cane in each of the varietal trials. The experiments were classified into 3 groups in which 13 agronomic traits were recorded. Group 1 data examined relationship between stalk number per stool ( STKSTL), stool number per rai ( STLN ), and stalk number per rai ( STKN ). The second group studied cane yield in relation to stalk diameter ( DIA ), stalk height ( HLT ), and internode number ( INTN ). The last group explored sugar yield ( SY ), CCS, brix, pol, fibre, and purity. Each data set were analyzed using correlation and path analysis. Result of the first group revealed that STKSTL had the highest direct effect on STKN in plant cane, whereas the effect decreased in ratoon cane, while STLN provided higher direct effect on STKN from plant cane to the first and second ratoon cane, respectively. The second group showed that STKN had the highest effect on CY, followed by HLT and DIA, respectively. Both STKN and DIA were more important in the first and second ratoon respectively. In the last group, pol showed high direct effect on CCS of plant cane and second ratoon, whereas fibre provided negative direct effect on CCS in all three crops. |
หัวเรื่อง:ผลของปุ๋ยฟอสฟอรัสต่อคุณภาพเมล็ดข้าวขาวดอกมะลิ 105 ผู้เขียน:ดร.อำนาจ สุวรรณฤทธิ์, ศาสตราจารย์เกียรติคุณ, Somchai Kreetapirom, นางสาวสุภาพ บูรณากาญจน์, ดร.วารุณี วารัญญานนท์, นางพัชรี ตั้งตระกูล , Songsak Rattapat, Songchai Wattanapayapkul, Kunnika Naklang, Sawang Rotjanakusol, Pituk Pornurisnit สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractSix pot and field experiments were conducted to examine the effects of P fertilizer on cooking and eating qualities of Khaw Dauk Mali-105 aromatic rice. The cooking qualities were measured by sensory methods. The results led to the following conclusions and recommendations: 1) The aroma of cooked milled rice was not relates to the applied rates of P fertilizer, paddy yields, total dry matter and percent P in plants but related to percent P in paddy. The aroma was highest when percent P in paddy was 0.28%. 2) The softness was related to paddy yields, total dry matter, percent P in paddy and the applied rates of P fertilizer , The softness was highest at the rate that started to produce maximum paddy yield. 3) The whiteness, stickiness and glassiness were related to paddy yields, total dry matter, percent P in paddy, percent P in rice plants and the applied rates of P fertilizer. These qualities were highest at the rate that started to produce the maximum paddy yield. 4) The soils that produce high quality rice are those having available P not exceeding the level that starts to produce the maximum paddy yield. 5) To produce high quality rice, P fertilizer should be applied at the rate that starts to produce the maximum paddy yield and care must be taken to avoid excess P fertilizer. 6) Soils with available P higher than the level that starts to produce the maximum paddy yield are not suitable for producing aromatic rice, for low quality of rice will be obtained. |
หัวเรื่อง:ผลของพันธุ์และอายุการเก็บเกี่ยวของมันสำปะหลังที่มีต่อผลผลิต ความหนืด และสมบัติของแป้งสุก ผู้เขียน:Chairat Petchalanuwat, ดร.กล้าณรงค์ ศรีรอต, รองศาสตราจารย์ , ดร.วิจารณ์ วิชชุกิจ, รองศาสตราจารย์ , เจริญศักดิ์ โรจนฤทธิ์พิเชษฐ์, Vudisak Pornprompratan, Watana Wattananon สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractPlantation of 4 cassava varieties, Rayong 1, Rayong 60, Rayong 90 and Kasetsart 50 was done in sandyloam soil at Rayong Province, The yields and starches were determined from the root with different harvesting period ( 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 months). All four varieties had similar yields at the same harvesting period but the yields were increased by the increasing of cassava ages. The starch contents mainly depended on varieties and harvesting period. Rayong 90 and Kasetsart 50 contained higher amount of starch than in Rayong 1 and Rayong 60 and the root which was harvested in the dry season contained higher amount of starch than these in the rainy season. Although the viscosities of starch which extracted from vary varieties were not significantly different but the dry season harvested starch viscosity was higher than these obtained from the rainy season. |
หัวเรื่อง:มาลิกแนนท์ไฮเปอร์เทอร์เมียในสุกร II. เปรียบเทียบสมรรถภาพการผลิตของลักษณะปกติกับลักษณะพาหะ ผู้เขียน:สุรชัย แซ่ลิ้ม, นายสินชัย พารักษา, รองศาสตราจารย์, ดร.เนรมิตร สุขมณี, รองศาสตราจารย์ , นวลจันทร์ พารักษา* สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe swine performance test in relation to malignant hyperthermia genotype, 79 boars ( 23 Landrace, 28 Largewhite and 28 Duroc ) from the Thai-Belgium swine breeding project testing station were used. The average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass quality were measured from 30-90 kg body weight. Swine with heterozygous genotype showed average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, back fat thickness, loin eye area and lean percentage which are respectively 2.60, 3.46, 0.48, 3.35 and 1.25 percent better than that of the normal genotype. |
หัวเรื่อง:การศึกษาคุณสมบัติเบื้องต้นเอนไซม์ไลเพสจากรำข้าว ผู้เขียน:ดร.สาโรจน์ ศิริศันสนียกุล, ศาสตราจารย์, Prapaipis Daechophan, ดร.สิรี ชัยเสรี, รองศาสตราจารย์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe lipase enzyme extracted from defatted Thai scented rice bran with calcium chloride solution which has been purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by dialysis had the specific activity of 2.04 units/mg protein and 1.32 times that of starting crude extract. The semi-purified lipase obtained showed the optimum pH at 7.6 with equilibrium rate constants, K1 and K2, and maximum enzyme reaction rate, (EA)max of 3.2 x 10-7, 1.7 x 10-9 M and 44.2 units/ml, respectively. Based upon the enzyme kinetics of the temperature effect, the lipase enzyme had the activation energy, Ea = 11.03 kcal/mol and the energy for the thermal inactivation, ?Hd =30.8 kcal/mol. The absolute reaction rate function with the remained parameter constants estimated by non-linear regression analysis was EA = . As a result, the maximum enzyme activity of 42.7 units/ml was calculated with the mentioned equation at Tmax equal to 35oC. Moreover, the Thai scented rice bran lipase were stable over the pH range from 4 to 9 and the temperature range from 20 to 45oC, but completely lost the activity by heating at 50oC for 60 min. Finally, the model for lipase activity affected by pH and temperature was proposed and figuredly simulated to predict the enzyme activity under various pH and temperature conditions. |
 ที่มา:Kasetsart Journal (Social Science)หัวเรื่อง:Determinants of Rural Household Food Security in Jigjiga District of Ethiopia |
หัวเรื่อง:ผลของวิธีปอกเปลือกไหมและอุณหภูมิในการเก็บรักษาต่อคุณภาพของข้าวโพดฝักอ่อนสดและบรรจุกระป๋อง ผู้เขียน:ดร.ธีรนุต ร่มโพธิ์ภักดิ์ , Jaroen Kunprom, Suchera Yeangyuksakol, Nitima Sanguansin, ดร.จริงแท้ ศิริพานิช, ศาสตราจารย์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractMethods of dehusking and silk removing in babycorn by hand or by forced air were compared. It was found that the appearance of fungi, the soluble solids content and the time used to dehusk and to remove babycorn silk was not significantly different among different methods. When babycorns were held in open air, after dehusking and silk removing before packing, the appearance of fungi increased with the increasing holding time. The study on the effect of temperature by packing babycorn on styrofoam tray covered with 20 pm. thicked PVC plastic film showed that babycorns were better kept at 3?C than at 1 or 5 ?C. There were less growth of fungi and lower number of discolored babycorns (chilling injury) at this temperature. The soluble solids content and dry weight of babycorn decreased with time in storage at all tempera?tures. Storing babycorn in perforated plastic bags at 5?C for 0,1 and 2 weeks before canning in 4 % salt solu?tion revealed that quality of canned babycorns were poorer after storage. They became darker in color, poorer in texture and off-flavor was also detected, particularly those stored longer than 7 days. |
 หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Indicators of Basic Minimum Needs for Rural Development Schemes) ผู้เขียน:นายดิเรก ฤกษ์หร่าย, ศาสตราจารย์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe results of this study were as following : (1) Core group of QLC project (n = 10) had closely agreed with national trainer group (n = 50) on opinions concerned factors affecting the national committee’s commitment for using BMN indicators in rural development scheme. (2) BMN indicators han created a major role in improving quality of life of people in 53 villages of Nakornrajchasima Province. However, some events concerning on quality of life had lower standard level than benchmark, and some were not significant changes. (3) Provincial trainers (n = 809) showed their high mean score of their confidence on the declaration of the government of using BMN indicators in national development schemes. The result indicated also that there were no significant differences (use ANOVA for testing) among 4 sectors of provincial trainers on their opinions for using BMN indicator in national development campaign. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : An Examination of Sunthorn Phu’s Creative Process) ผู้เขียน:Montri Umavijani สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe creative process in Sunthorn Phu’s works shows him to be using the imagination in a succession of styles. His imagination can best be classified, according to Coleridge’s theory, into the primary imagination, the secondary imagination, and fancy. In the early works, there is a strong evidence of the primary imagination which involves sense perception. Then, in the middle period, Sunthorn Phu takes up the secondary imagination which, according to Coleridge, “dissolves, diffuses, dissipates in order to recreate.” The products of this imagination are, notably, Phra Abhai Mani and Nirat Phu Khao Thong. Lastly, in the later stages of his writing, there is a preponderance of dream and memory, termed by Coleridge as fancy. The example given is Nirat Phra Prathom. |
หัวเรื่อง:ความก้าวหน้าในการเพาะเลี้ยงเนื้อเยื่อเพื่ปรับปรุงพันธุ์ถั่วเหลืองในประเทศไทย ผู้เขียน:นางสิรนุช ลามศรีจันทร์, ศาสตราจารย์, ดร.พีระศักดิ์ ศรีนิเวศน์, ศาสตราจารย์ , Gulvadee Chaiyaprasithi, Chuntana Kongnakhon, Peeranuch Kareeros, Sasithorn Chuakuna สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractSoybean tissue culture protocols in Thailand are set up by 2 laboratories of Kasetsart University, one in the Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, and the other in the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, They have developed methods, viz. (1) multiple shoot induction from zyotic embryo (2) somatic embryogenesis from immature cotyledon (3) embryogenic suspension culture, and (4) embryo rescue. Each method can be applied to suit various aspects of soybean improvement in Thailand. Method (1) is employed mainly for propagation purpose. Since the plantlets are not derived through callus, they are true-to-type. Method (2) is utilized to induce and select for mutants developed through somatic embryogenesis. Method (3) is more preferable than method (2) since it enhances contact between embryoids and the selection pressure applied into the medium. This helps selecting the real mutants rather than the escape ones. Method (4) allows a plant breeder to expand the use of soybean germplasm, especially to rescue the embryo from wide crossing, before pod abor?tion. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : The Development of Career Guidance Models in The Higher Education Institutions Under The Ministry of University Affairs ) ผู้เขียน:นายสำเนาว์ ขจรศิลป์, ศาสตราจารย์, ดร.บุญเรียง ขจรศิลป์, ศาสตราจารย์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe purposes of this study were to develop two models of career guidance services, and to study the opinions of studentaffair staffs who were involved with career guidance services as to the appropriateness of the models to be used in colleges and universities. The career guidance models developed by the authors and endorsed by twelve experts. Each model contained two units; the career development unit and the placement unit. The career development unit provided career counseling for students on each campus. This unit contained four services; counseling services, testing services, a career library, and student records. The placement unit provided employment services for students and alumni at each campus. The unit contained three models of influence which comprised the majority of job place - ment functions. The study showed that 93.33 to 100 per cent of the student - affair staffs totally agreed with all aspects of these career guidance models. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Status of Socio-Economic-Institutional Research and Identification of Needed Researches for Watershed Management in Thailand ) ผู้เขียน:ดร.นิพนธ์ ตั้งธรรม, ศาสตราจารย์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractLiterature concerning socio-economic and institution related to watershed management published by both university personnels, government agencies and foreign institutes were reviewed in order to fill the gap of watershed management research as mentioned by the Asian-US Watershed Project Director. Socio-economic-institution research in Thailand that could be employed as the basis of responsive and effective watershed management policies and strategies are substantially limited. They are mostly accomplished by graduate students in socio-economic under supervised by university professor. Most of the researches are directed toward the basic information in socio-economic aspect rather than approached for watershed management purpose. Various aspects of socio-economic and institution research are certainly needed in the next decades. The social forestry students are believed to be the persons who will efficiently tackle this kind of research in the future. |
หัวเรื่อง:การชักนำให้เกิดแคลลัสและเอมบริออยด์ของเนื้อเยื่อหอมหัวใหญ่พันธุ์ (Allium cepa L. cv. Granex 33) ผู้เขียน:ดร.นิรันดร์ จันทวงศ์, รองศาสตราจารย์ , Prasart Kaumanee, Malee Nanankorn, Surirat Khewhok สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe comparative study on growth and differentiation between basal portion and bulb scale of onion (Allium cepa L cv. Granex 33) grown on different culture media were carried out. The results showed that the basal plate tissue cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing 1.0-1.5 mg/I 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and on modified MS medium containing 3.3 mg/1 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (Dicamba) was remarkedly induced to form a compact callus within 6 weeks after culture initiation. However, embryogenesis has been generated only from the callus mediated directly on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/I 2,4-D and subsequently cultured on MS medium comprising 0.1 mg/1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1.0 mg/I 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) within 15 weeks. After transferring onto MS medium containing no growth regula?tors the embryoid developed into complete plantlets within 8 weeks. In contrast to the basal portion tissue, the bulb scale tissue cultured on these media produced afriable callus which could not regenerate into complete plantlets. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Errors in Thesis Writing and Opinions towards the Handbook and Format for Thesis Writing of Kasetsart University’s Graduate Students.) ผู้เขียน:Kusuma Saisanit สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf Abstract The objectives of this research were 1( to identify the format errors in thesis writing, 2) to gather the students’ opinions on the handbook and format for thesis writing, and 3) to study the problems and errors in thesis writing of graduate students. The study was started with the scrutiny of 960 draft theses submitted during the years 1988 and 1989. The second part of the study was carried out on 79 graduate students who submitted draft theses during September and October 1990 for which the authors were also requested to fulfilled the questionnaires. Percentual calculation was employed in the study. The results of the study could be summarized as follows. 1. The most common error was “reference” and “heading” respectively. 2. Problems of using thesis handbook were insufficient explanation and examples especially those for reference. 3. Most of students were satisfied with handbook layout and thesis format. They also pointed out that citation part should be of top priority for improvement. 4. Students’ opinion indicated that the reference errors were the first, the heading were the second, and the last was content citation. 5. The students suggested that the handbook contain more explanations and examples, whereas format of the reference be improved. |
หัวเรื่อง:การวิเคราะห์ในเชิงประวัติศาสตร์ เรื่องบทบาทของวังหน้าสมัยรัตนโกสินทร์ : พ.ศ. 2325-2428 ผู้เขียน:Nuntana Kapilakanchana สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf Abstract This research is aimed at analyzing the roles of the Second Kings during the Bangkok Period : 1782-1885. A great deal of historical data were used as the basis for this study. The main findings were as follows: In the reign of King Rama I , the Second King was Krom Phrarajwang Bowan Mahasurasinghanad (Bunma), his brother. He had played the remarkable roles during the crisis of the collapse of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. He accompanied King Taksin to expel Burmese troops from Thai territories. Mahasurasinghanad proved to be one of the courageous soldiers and had dedicated his life to the welfare of the nation throughout the reign of King Rama I. King Rama II had also proclaimed his brother the title of Wang Na. The task of Krom Phrarajwang Bowan Mahasenanurak was to be the eyes and ears of the King. In the reign of King Rama III, a younger uncle was made Wang Na, Krom Phrarajwang Bowan Mahasakdipolasepya. King Rama II and Rama III got along quite well with their Wang Na or Second Kings. King Rama IV appointed his only brother King Pinklow Chao Yuhua, to be the Second King, equal in status with the King himself. The King and his brother had been close companion. There were no critical incident throughout the reign. In the reign of King Rama IV, Krom Prarajwang Bowan Vichaichan, King Pinklow’s son, became Wang Na. He wasn’t appointed directly by the King, consequently; many political dilemmas and conflicts occurred from the start, leading to the outbreak of the so-called Wang Na crisis. Khom Phrarajwang Bowan Vichaichan held his rank until his death. Since then, the position of Wang Na was abolished and changed to the Crown Prince Investiture. |
หัวเรื่อง:ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างผลสัมฤทธิ์การอ่านกับเจตคติของนักเรียนระดับประถมศึกษา จังหวัดยะลา ผู้เขียน:Sunantha Munetavith สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf Abstract The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between reading achievement and attitude of the second and fifth grade students in Yala Province. The samples were 551 second grade students, 408 Buddhist students and 143 Islamic students, and 572 fifth grade students, 431 Buddhist student and 141 Islamic students. They were randomly selected from elementary schools in Yala Province. The instruments for these two levels were reading achievement tests which consisted of reading for problem solving and for comprehension, and attitude tests. The reading achievement test and attitude tests were respectively administeres to those Buddhist and Islamic student. The results indicated that, there were significant relations at the .05 between the reading achievement scores and attitude scores of the second and fifth grade students the relationship of the second grade students showed positive direction, but the relationship of the fifth grade students, both Buddhist and Islamic students showed the negative direction. |
หัวเรื่อง:อิทธิพลของระบบการใช้ประโยชน์ วิธีการปลูกและชนิดของหญ้าต่อถั่วเซนโตรและถั่วฮามาต้าที่ปลูกร่วมกับหญ้ารูซี่และหญ้าขนภายใต้สภาพฟาร์มเลี้ยงโคนมเกษตรกรรายย่อย ผู้เขียน:ดร.สายัณห์ ทัดศรี, ศาสตราจารย์ , Pensri Sornprasit สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe effects of utilization systems, planting methods and type of grasses on pasture production of centro and hamata mixed with ruzi and para were assessed in a field trial. Grasses and legumes establishment and survival were measured. The results showed that there were no significant effects of utilization systems (cutting vs grazing) and type of grasses (Ruzi vs Para) on plant density. Planting methods had a mark effect on plant density. Both ruzi and para tiller number were increased with mixed planting. This effect also observed with centro. On the other hand stripped planting enhanced seedling establishment, seedling regeneration and survival of hamata better than mixed planting. |