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 หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Pigmented Rice Hull Extracts: Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Their Antioxidant Activity in Oil-in-Water Emulsion) ผู้เขียน: Nopparat Cheetangdee สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractRice hull, an under-utilized agricultural waste, is always employed for low value purposes such as fuel. Hull of pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L., cultivars Sangyod) was used to produce rice hull extracts, and their antioxidant activities were observed. Initially, the effective conditions to prepare rice hull extracts were established by comparing enzyme- and ethanol-aided extraction methods. The extractor solvents—deionized water with Viscozyme-L (0.5 and 1% by weight of rice hull) at pH 6.25 and ethanol (concentrations of 50, 65, and 75%, volume per volume)—were mixed with rice hull (ratio of rice hull to extractor solvent was 1:10, weight per volume). The mixtures were heated at 50 ?C for 0–5 hr. The extractor solvent and heating time influenced the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities of the extracts. Generally, the TPC increased with increased extraction time. Using enzyme, a higher enzyme concentration effected an increase in the TPC and the antioxidant activities of the extracts. Ethanolic extraction was more efficient at recovering phenolic compounds than the enzyme-aided means. The extracts exhibited antioxidant activities through both primary and secondary mechanisms and their antioxidant abilities coincidentally increased with the TPC. Extraction using 65% ethanol for 2 hr could provide rice hull phenolic extracts (RHPE) with the highest TPC and antioxidant activities as indicated by radical inhibition effects, the reducing power and the ferrous chelating ability (P < 0.05). RHPE effected oxidative stability of soybean emulsions in different ways, depending on the applied concentration. At concentration levels of 0.5 and 1% (w/v), RHPE successfully improved the oxidative stability of the emulsions. However, a comparable oxidative stability with the control sample (emulsion without RHPE) was observed when RHPE was added at a level of 1.5% (w/v). |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Risk Formulation of Hull Loss Accidents in Narrow-Body Commercial Jet Aircraft (Boeing 737, Airbus A320, McDonnell Douglas MD82, Tupolev TU134 and TU154 and Antonov AN124)) ผู้เขียน:Somchanok Tiabtiamrat, Supachok Wiriyacosol สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractAccidents involving narrow-body aircraft were evaluated statistically for six families of commercial aircraft: Boeing B737, Airbus A320, McDonald Douglas MD80, Tupolev TU134 and TU154 and Antonov AN124. A risk indicator (If) for each flight phase for these families of narrow-body aircraft was developed based on motion characteristics, duration time and the presence of adverse weather conditions. An estimated risk level was developed based on these risk indicators. Regression analysis indicated very good agreement between the estimated risk level and the accident ratio of hull loss cases per number of delivered aircraft. The effect of time on the hull loss accident ratio per delivered aircraft (HLAR) was assessed for the B737, A320 and MD80 families. Equations representing the effect of time on the HLAR were developed for the B737, A320 and MD80 families, while average values of HLAR were found for the TU134, TU154 and AN 124 families. Estimated risk equations were developed for each family of aircraft, allowing the HLAR to be estimated for any aircraft family, flight phase, presence of adverse weather factor, time of day, day of the week, month of the year, pilot age and pilot flight hour experience. A simplified relationship between the estimated HLAR and unsafe acts by humans was proposed, with numerical investigation of the relationship suggesting that the HLAR was dominated primarily by the flight phase media. |
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หัวเรื่อง:คุณสมบัติของถ่านอัดก้อนจากถ่านขี้เลื่อยและถ่านแกลบ ผู้เขียน: นายปรีชา เกียรติกระจาย, ศาสตราจารย์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe preliminary study on properties of charcoal briquettes from rice hull and sawdust chars is reported. A briquette was made in cylindrical shape at diameter and length of 3 and 4.5 cm, respectively. Their densities were between 0.36 to 0.56 g per cc. Starch of as 6 to 10% was used as a binder. Briquette properties, i.e. density, impact strength, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents, heat of combustion as well as water boiling test, were analyzed. The properties of sawdust charcoal briquette were in general better than wood charcoal from some fast – growing species (epil – epil and red gum). However some characters from water boiling test of the briquette were not as good as those of rhizophora charcoal. The test results indicated that the saw – dust charcoal briquette is suitable for cooking. The properties of rice hull charcoal briquette were poorer in quality than the others because rice-hull charcoal briquette has high ash content and low heat of combustion. The water boiling test of this charcoal briquette also confirmed that the rice hull charcoal briquette is not suitable for cooking. |
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